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ARTICLES in addition to,and Amendment of, the Constitution of the United States of America, proposed by Congress,and ratified by the Legislatures of the several States, pursuant to the fifth Article ofthe original Constitution
[Proposed 1794; Ratified 1798]
The Judicial power of the UnitedStates shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced orprosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State, or by Citizensor Subjects of any Foreign State.
[Proposed 1803; Ratified 1804]
The Electors shall meet in theirrespective states, and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, atleast, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name intheir ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person votedfor as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for asPresident, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes foreach, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of thegovernment of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate;—ThePresident of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives,open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted;—The person having thegreatest number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be amajority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority,then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of thosevoted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot,the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, therepresentation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist ofa member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shallbe necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a Presidentwhenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March nextfollowing, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death orother constitutional disability of the President.—The person having the greatestnumber of votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be amajority of the whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, thenfrom the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; aquorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and amajority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no personconstitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that ofVice-President of the United States.
[Proposed 1810; Probably Ratified 1819]
If any Citizen of the UnitedStates shall accept, claim, receive or retain any Title of Nobility or Honour, or shall,without the Consent of Congress, accept and retain any present, Pension, Office orEmolument of any kind whatever, from any Emperor, King, Prince or foreign Power, suchPerson shall cease to be a Citizen of the United States, and shall be incapable of holdingany Office of Trust or Profit under them, or either of them.
[Proposed 1861; Signed by President Lincoln;Unratified]
Article Thirteen.No amendment shall be made to the Constitution which will authorize or give to Congressthe power to abolish or interfere, within any State, with the domestic institutionsthereof, including that of persons held to labor or service by the laws of said State.
[Proposed 1865; Ratified 1865]
Section. 1.Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof theparty shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any placesubject to their jurisdiction.
Section. 2.Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
[Proposed 1866; Ratified Under Duress 1868]
Section. 1.All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdictionthereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No Stateshall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizensof the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, orproperty, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction theequal protection of the laws.
Section. 2.Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to theirrespective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indiansnot taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors forPresident and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, theExecutive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, isdenied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, andcitizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation inrebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in theproportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of malecitizens twenty-one years of age in such State.
Section. 3.No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President andVice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or underany State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officerof the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive orjudicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shallhave engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to theenemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove suchdisability.
Section. 4.The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debtsincurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection orrebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shallassume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion againstthe United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all suchdebts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.
Section. 5.The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions ofthis article.
[Proposed 1869; Ratified 1870]
Section. 1.The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by theUnited States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition ofservitude.
Section. 2.The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
[Proposed 1909; Questionably Ratified 1913]
The Congress shall have power to layand collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment amongthe several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration.
[Proposed 1912; Ratified 1913; PossiblyUnconstitutional (See Article V,Clause 3 of the Constitution)]
The Senate of the United Statesshall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for sixyears; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have thequalifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the Statelegislatures.
When vacancies happen in the representation of any Statein the Senate, the executive authority of such State shall issue writs of election to fillsuch vacancies: Provided, That the legislature of any State may empower the executivethereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election asthe legislature may direct.
This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect theelection or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of theConstitution.
[Proposed 1917; Ratified 1919; Repealed 1933 (See Amendment XXI, Section 1)]
Section. 1.After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, ortransportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or theexportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdictionthereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited.
Section. 2.The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent power to enforce this article byappropriate legislation.
Section. 3.This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment tothe Constitution by the legislatures of the several States, as provided in theConstitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States bythe Congress.
[Proposed 1919; Ratified 1920]
The right of citizens of the UnitedStates to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State onaccount of sex.
Congress shall have power to enforce this article byappropriate legislation.
[Proposed 1926; Unratified]
Article—
Section. 1.The Congress shall have power to limit, regulate, and prohibit the labor of persons undereighteen years of age.
Section. 2.The power of the several States is unimpaired by this article except that the operation of State laws shall be suspended to the extent necessary to give effect to legislationenacted by the Congress.
[Proposed 1932; Ratified 1933]
Section. 1.The terms of the President and Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th day ofJanuary, and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3d day of January,of the years in which such terms would have ended if this article had not been ratified;and the terms of their successors shall then begin.
Section. 2.The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall begin atnoon on the 3d day of January, unless they shall by law appoint a different day.
Section. 3.If, at the time fixed for the beginning of the term of the President, the President electshall have died, the Vice President elect shall become President. If a President shall nothave been chosen before the time fixed for the beginning of his term, or if the Presidentelect shall have failed to qualify, then the Vice President elect shall act as Presidentuntil a President shall have qualified; and the Congress may by law provide for the casewherein neither a President elect nor a Vice President elect shall have qualified,declaring who shall then act as President, or the manner in which one who is to act shallbe selected, and such person shall act accordingly until a President or Vice Presidentshall have qualified.
Section. 4.The Congress may by law provide for the case of the death of any of the persons from whomthe House of Representatives may choose a President whenever the right of choice shallhave devolved upon them, and for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom theSenate may choose a Vice President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved uponthem.
Section. 5.Sections 1 and 2 shall take effect on the 15th day of October following the ratificationof this article.
Section. 6.This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment tothe Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within sevenyears from the date of its submission.
[Proposed 1933; Ratified 1933]
Section. 1.The eighteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States is herebyrepealed.
Section. 2.The transportation or importation into any State, Territory, or possession of the UnitedStates for delivery or use therein of intoxicating liquors, in violation of the lawsthereof, is hereby prohibited.
Section. 3.This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment tothe Constitution by conventions in the several States, as provided in the Constitution,within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress.
[Proposed 1947; Ratified 1951]
Section. 1.No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice, and no personwho has held the office of President, or acted as President, for more than two years of aterm to which some other person was elected President shall be elected to the office ofthe President more than once. But this Article shall not apply to any person holding theoffice of President when this Article was proposed by the Congress, and shall not preventany person who may be holding the office of President, or acting as President, during theterm within which this Article becomes operative from holding the office of President oracting as President during the remainder of such term.
Section. 2.This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment tothe Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within sevenyears from the date of its submission to the States by the Congress.
[Proposed 1960; Ratified 1961]
Section. 1.The District constituting the seat of Government of the United States shall appoint insuch manner as the Congress may direct:
A number of electors of President and Vice President equalto the whole number of Senators and Representatives in Congress to which the Districtwould be entitled if it were a State, but in no event more than the least populous State;they shall be in addition to those appointed by the States, but they shall be considered,for the purposes of the election of President and Vice President, to be electors appointedby a State; and they shall meet in the District and perform such duties as provided by thetwelfth article of amendment.
Section. 2.The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
[Proposed 1962; Ratified 1964]
Section. 1.The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election forPresident or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senatoror Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or anyState by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax.
Section. 2.The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
[Proposed 1965; Ratified 1967]
Section. 1.In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, theVice President shall become President.
Section. 2.Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, the President shall nominate a Vice President who shall take office upon confirmation by a majority vote ofboth Houses of Congress.
Section. 3.Whenever the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that he is unable todischarge the powers and duties of his office, and until he transmits to them a writtendeclaration to the contrary, such powers and duties shall be discharged by the VicePresident as Acting President.
Section. 4.Whenever the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of theexecutive departments or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit tothe President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representativestheir written declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall immediately assume the powers and duties of theoffice as Acting President.
Thereafter, when the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his writtendeclaration that no inability exists, he shall resume the powers and duties of his officeunless the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executivedepartment or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit within four daysto the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representativestheir written declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and dutiesof his office. Thereupon Congress shall decide the issue, assembling within forty-eighthours for that purpose if not in session. If the Congress, within twenty-one days afterreceipt of the latter written declaration, or, if Congress is not in session, withintwenty-one days after Congress is required to assemble, determines by two-thirds vote ofboth Houses that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office,the Vice President shall continue to discharge the same as Acting President; otherwise,the President shall resume the powers and duties of his office.
[Proposed 1971; Ratified 1971]
Section. 1.The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, tovote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account ofage.
Section. 2.The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
[Proposed 1972; Expired Unratified 1982]
Article—
Section. 1.Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States orby any State on account of sex.
Section. 2.The Congress shall have the power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisionsof this article.
Section. 3.This amendment shall take effect two years after the date of ratification.
[Proposed 1978; Expired Unratified 1985]
Article—
Section. 1.For purposes of representation in the Congress, election of the President and VicePresident, and article V of this Constitution, the District constituting the seat of government of the United States shall be treated as though it were a State.
Section. 2.The exercise of the rights and powers conferred under this article shall be by the peopleof the District constituting the seat of government, and as shall be provided by theCongress.
Section. 3.The twenty-third article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States is here by repealed.
Section. 4.This article shall be inoperative, unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment tothe Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within sevenyears from the date of its submission.
[Proposed 1789; Ratified 1992; Second of twelveArticles comprising the Bill of Rights]
No law, varying the compensation forthe services of the Senators and Representatives, shall take effect, until an election ofRepresentatives shall have intervened.